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brown shyshark
The brown shyshark or plain happy (''Haploblepharus fuscus'') is a species of catshark, part of the family Scyliorhinidae. It is endemic to the shallow, coastal waters of South Africa from west of Cape Agulhas to KwaZulu-Natal. This benthic species is usually found over sandy or rocky bottoms. Measuring up to long, the brown shyshark is stoutly built, with a broad, flattened head and rounded snout. Unlike other shysharks, the brown shyshark has a plain brown color, though some individuals have faint "saddle" markings or light or dark spots. When threatened, this shark curls into a circle with its tail over its eyes, which is the origin of the name "shyshark". It feeds on bony fishes and lobsters, and is oviparous with females laying pairs of egg capsules. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed this harmless species as Vulnerable. It is of no commercial or recreational interest, but its limited distribution makes its entire population vulnerable to increases in fishing pressure or habitat degradation.
==Taxonomy and phylogeny==
The brown shyshark was described by South African ichthyologist James Leonard Brierley Smith in a 1950 article for ''The Annals and Magazine of Natural History''. He chose the specific epithet ''fuscus'', which is Latin for "brown". The type specimen is a long adult male caught off East London, South Africa.〔 A 2006 phylogenetic analysis based on three mitochondrial DNA genes found that the brown shyshark and the dark shyshark (''H. pictus'') are sister species. They are the more derived members of the genus relative to the basal puffadder shyshark (''H. edwardsii'').〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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